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1.Give up halfway During the Warring States Period 475 221BC, there was a man called Yue Yangzi in State Yue. One day he saw a piece of gold on the road and picked it up. He took it home and gave it to his wife. But his wife was not happy. The virtuous woman said, "I hear that a man of morality doesnt drink a thiefs water and a man of probity refuses to accept alms. What do you think of the action of picking up anothers lost valuable and possessing it for ones own?" Yue Yangzi, feeling ashamed, sent the gold back to where he found it. the next year, Yue Yangzi felt that he should go out and visit scholars to enrich his knowledge. So he set off. A year later, he came back home suddenly. "Why have you returned?" asked his wife in surprise, "Youve only spent one year studying with scholars." "I come back because I missed you very much." Without saying anything, his wife took a pair of scissors and went to the loom at which she had worked. Pointing at the half done brocade, she proclaimed : "This brocade is woven from the finest silk. I wove one strand after another to produce the brocade. Now if I cut it, all my previous work will be wasted. Its the same with your studies. You can acquire knowledge only through diligence. Now, youve stopped halfway. Isnt it the same as cutting the brocade on the loom?" Yue Yangzi was moved by what she said. He again left home to visit scholars. Several years later he became a learned man. 半途而废 战国时期，魏国有个叫乐羊子的人。有一天，乐羊子在路上看到一块金子，他就捡起金子，带回了家并把它拿给妻子看。可他妻子一点儿也不高兴。这个贤惠的女人对他说："我听人说壮士不饮盗泉之水；廉洁的人不食嗟来之食。把别人遗失的贵重之物捡起来据为己有，你怎么看待这种行为呢？" 乐羊子听了妻子的话，觉得很惭愧，就把那块金子又扔到原来的地方。 第二年，乐羊子离开家到了一个很远的地方，去拜师求学。 一年后，乐羊子突然回到家中，他的妻子很惊讶地问："你怎么回来了？你才和那些学者学了一年呀。"乐羊子说："我太想你了，所以回来看看。" 他的妻子听了以后，二话不说，拿起把剪刀走到她的织布机前。她指着那块已经完成了一半的锦缎说："这块锦缎用的是最好的丝。我一丝丝的累积来织成这锦缎。如果我现在把它剪断，就等于前功尽弃。你求学也是这样。如果现在停止，和剪断织布机上的锦缎有什么区别？" 乐羊子被妻子的话所感动，于是立刻离开家，继续拜师求学。 几年后，乐羊子终于完成学业，成为一个博学的人。2.Buying shoes A man of the state of Zheng wanted to buy a pair of shoes. He measured his foot and put the measurement on a chair. When he set out for the market he forgot to bring it along. It was after he had found the pair he wanted that this occurred to him. I forgot the measurement, said he. He went home to get it but when he returned the market had broken up and he did not get his shoes after all. Why didnt you try on the shoes with your feet? He was asked. I d rather trust the measurement than trust myself. 《Hanfeizi》 郑人买履 从前，郑国有个人想买双鞋。他量好了自己脚的尺码，把它放在了椅子上。可当他赶往市集时，却忘了带量好的尺码。他要买鞋时，才想了起来。 他说："我忘带尺码了。" 他回家去取量好的尺码。 等他赶回来时，市集已经关了，他还是没能买到鞋。 有人问："为什么不用你自己的脚去量鞋子呢？" 他说："我宁愿相信尺码也不相信我自己的脚。" 《韩非子》 3.Showing Off Ones Proficiency with the Axe Before Lu Ban the Master Carpenter in ancient times, Lu Ban was supposed to be a consummate master in construction and sculpture. Carpenters respect him as ancestor master. It is said that he once carved a colorful wooden phoenix that was so lifelike that it actually flew in the sky for three days. Thus it was considered the height of folly to show off ones skill with an axe in front of Lu Ban. This idiom excoriates those who show off their slight accomplishments in front of experts. 古代有一个建筑和雕刻技术非常高超的人，名叫鲁班，木匠行里尊称他为祖师。传说他曾用木头制作了一只五彩斑斓的凤凰，能够在空中飞翔三天不掉下来。在鲁班门前摆弄斧子，当然显得有些自不量力了。 “班门弄斧”这个成语，用来比喻在行家面前显示本领。 4.The plum tree sacrifices itself for the peach tree Sacrifice oneself for another person This idiom comes from a old folk song. the last two stanzas go like this: One family has five brothers, all serving to a minister as attendants. Every five days, they go back home for a reunion, decorating their horses and garments with shining gold. They vie with each other for ostentation and extravagance, attracting crowds of onlookers along the road. Now there is a peach tree by a well, and a plum tree next to it. When worms come to gnaw at the root of the peach tree, the plum tree invites them to gnaw at its own root. Finally, the plum dies, ossified. Even trees know how to sacrifice for other trees, why cant brothers do the same? 李代桃僵 这个成语来自于一首古老的民歌。 歌曲的最后两段说的是： 一户人家有兄弟五人，都在一个大官的家中做仆人。每隔五天，他们会回家团聚一次。他们用金子装饰马匹和衣服，吸引了许多路人来看。五人互不相让，相互比较谁的排场大。 如今一口井边有一棵桃树，桃树旁是一棵李树。有虫子来咬桃树的根，李树便让虫子来咬自己的根。最终，李树变得僵硬，枯死了。 连树都知道为了别的树牺牲自己，为什么兄弟之间反而做不到呢？ 5.Be there just to make up the number During the Warring States Period 475 221BC, the King of the State of Qi was very fond of listening to yu ensembles. He often got together 300 yu players to form a grand music. The king treated his musician very well. A man named Nanguo heard about that and he managed to become a member of the band, even though he wan not good at playing the instrument at all. Whenever the band played for the king, Nanguo just stood in the line and pretended to play. Nobody realized he was making no sound at all. As a result, he enjoyed his treatment just as the other musician did. When the king died, his son became the new ruler who also liked the music played on the yu. However, he preferred solos so that he ordered the musicians to play the yu one by one. Therefore, Nanguo had to run out of the palace. the idiom "Be there just to make up the number" is used to mock someone who passes for a specialist. You can also hear people saying it about themselves to show their modesty. 滥竽充数 战国时，齐宣王喜欢听竽，通常是三百人的大合奏。因为他给予乐师非常优厚的待遇，所以一个叫南郭的人尽管并不擅长吹竽，也设法混进乐队。当乐队演奏时，他就站在队伍里假装也在吹。没有人注意到其实他连一点声音也没吹出来，所以南郭也享受到和其他乐师一样的待遇。宣王死后，他的儿子继承了王位。他也喜欢听竽，可是他喜欢听独奏，让乐师一个个吹给他听，于是南郭不得不逃跑了。 "滥竽充数"这个成语用来嘲笑那些没有真正才干，混在行家里的人。 人们有时也用"滥竽充数"来表示自谦。
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