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秦二世时，丞相赵高野心勃勃，日夜盘算着要篡夺皇位。可朝中大臣有多少人能听他摆布，有多少人反对他，他心中没底。于是，他想了一个办法，准备试一试自己的威信，同时也可以摸清敢于反对他的人。一天上朝时，赵高让人牵来一只鹿，满脸堆笑地对秦二世说：“陛下，我献给您一匹好马。”秦二世一看，心想：这哪里是马，这分明是一只鹿嘛！便笑着对赵高说：“丞相搞错了，这里一只鹿，你怎么说是马呢？”赵高面不改色心不跳地说：“请陛下看清楚，这的确是一匹千里马。”秦二世又看了看那只鹿，将信将疑地说：“马的头上怎么会长角呢？”赵高一转身，用手指着众大臣，大声说：“陛下如果不信我的话，可以问问众位大臣。”大臣们都被赵高的一派胡言搞得不知所措，私下里嘀咕：这个赵高搞什么名堂？是鹿是马这不是明摆着吗！当看到赵高脸上露出阴险的笑容，两只眼睛骨碌碌轮流地盯着赵高脸上露出阴险的笑容，两只眼睛骨碌碌轮流地盯着每个人的时候，大臣们忽然明白了他的用意。一些胆小又有正义感的人都低下头，不敢说话，因为说假话，对不起自己的良心，说真话又怕日后被赵高所害。有些正直的人，坚持认为是说明书而不是马。还有一些平时就紧跟赵高的奸佞之人立刻表示拥护赵高的说法，对皇上说，“这确是一匹千里马！”事后，赵高通过各种手段把那些不顺从自己的正直大臣纷纷治罪，甚至满门抄斩。故事出自《史记·秦始皇本纪》。成语“指鹿为马”比喻故意颠倒是非，混淆黑白。CallingaStagaHorseInthereignofEmperortheSecondoftheQinDynasty221 207B.C.,theprimeministerZhaoGao,obsessedwithambitions,wasplanningtousurpthethronedayandnight.Buthedidnotknowhowmanyoftheministersinthecourtwereallowedtobeorderedaboutbyhimandhowmanyofthemwerehisopponents.Sohethoughtoutawaytotesthowhighhisprestigeamongtheministerswasandalsotofindoutwhodaredtoopposehim.Onedaywhencourtwasheld,ZhaoGaoletsomeonebringastagtothecourtand,withabroadsmileonhisface,hesaidtoEmperortheSecondoftheQinDynasty:"YourMajesty,hereisafinehorseImpresentingtoyou."Lookingattheanimal,EmperortheSecondthoughtthatitwasobviouslyastagandthatitcouldntbeahorse.SohesaidsmilinglytoZhaoGao:"MisterPrimeMinister,youarewrong.Thisisastay.Whydoyousayitisahorse?"Remainingcalm,ZhaoGaosaid:"WillyourMajestypleaseseemoreclearly?Thisreallyisahorsethatcoversathousandliaday."Filledwithsuspicion,EmperortheSecondlookedatthestagagainandsaid:"Howcantheantlersbegrownontheheadofahorse?"Turningaroundandpointinghisfingerattheministers,ZhaoGaosaidinaloudvoice:"ifourMajestydonotbelieveme,youcanasktheministers."ThenonsenseofZhaoGaomadetheministerstotallyatalose,andtheywhisperedtothemselves:WhattrickswasZhaoGaoplaying?Wasitnotobviouswhetheritwasastagorahorse?ButwhentheysawthesinistersmileonZhaoGaosfaceandhistworollingeyeswhichweregazingateachofthem,theysuddenlyunderstoodhisevilintentions.Someoftheministerswhoweretimidandyethadasenseofrighteousnessdidnotdaretosayanything,becausetotelllieswouldmaketheirconscienceuneasyandtotellthetruthwouldmeanthattheywouldbepersecutedbyZhaoGaolater.Someministerswithasenseofjusticepersistedthatitwasastagandnotahorse.TherewerestillsomecraftyandfawningministerswhofollowedZhaoGaocloselyinordinarytimes.TheyimmediatelyvoicedtheirsupporttoZhaoGao,sayingtotheemperor:"Thisreallyinahorsethatcoversathousandliaday."Aftertheevent,ZhaoGaopunishedbyvariousmeansthoseministerswithasenseofjusticewhowerenotobedienttohim,evenwithwholefamiliesofsomeofthoseministersexecuted.Thisstoryappearsin"TheLifeoftheFirstEmperoroftheQinDynasty"inTheHistoricalRecordswrittenbySimaQian.Fromthisstorypeoplehavederivedthesetphrase"callingastagahorse"tomeandeliberatelymisrepresentingsomethingandmisleadingthepublic.
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