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新概念英语第二册第31课课文重难点 further notes on the text
1.before he retired, frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. 在退休前,弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理,但他小时侯却在一家小铺里做工。
(1)head在此处的意思不是人或动物的"头部",而是"首领"、"头目",一般出现在"the head of +名词"结构中:
john is the head of the family.约翰是一家之主。
frank is the head of that firm.弗兰克是那家公司的总裁。
(2) as在这里为介词,表不"当……时",as a boy相当于 as he was a boy。
2.it was his job to repair bicycles…他那时的工作是修理自行车……
it为"先行主语",句子的真正主语为to repair bicycles。
3.he saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. 他靠多年积蓄,于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子。
(1)for years表示"许多年"。
(2)of ones own为固定短语,表示"自己的"、"属于自己的",own为代词:
he wanted a room of his own.他想要一个自己的房间。
do you have a house of your own?你有自己的房子吗?
4.in ones twenties,(在某人)二十多岁的时候。
ones twenties/thirties/forties…,二十多岁/三十多岁/四十多岁……10的倍数的复数形式可用于表达近似的、非确定的数量,与所有格形容词(my等)连用时表示大约的年龄:
my aunt jennifer is in her late thirties/early forties, but she often appears on the stage as a young girl.我的姑妈詹妮弗已接近四十岁/四十出头,但她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。
5.frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. 弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路,微笑了。
(1)hard意思很多,在这里指"艰难的"、"困苦的":
she lived a hard life in those years.那些年她的生活很艰难。
(2)ones early years指某人的早年(生活),意义相近的表达方式为early in ones life。
(3) the long road to success是一种比喻的说法,因为success是抽象名词。to在这里表示方向、目的地,意义为"朝"、"往"、"向"等,这个短语的字面意义为"通向成功的漫漫长路"。
语法 grammar in use
1.过去进行时与一般过去时
在第7课的语法中我们学习了过去进行时。它主要表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。与一般过去时相比,它更强调动作的持续性,一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。在叙述故事时,过去进行时往往用来表示背景:
yesterday afternoon frank hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.昨天下午弗兰克·霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。
he was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.他正笑着的时候门开了,他的妻子走了进来。
last sunday, i went and sat on the river bank as usual.some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.
上星期天,我和往常一样,又去河边坐着。河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍,河面上有些人正在划船。(过去进行时描述背景)
比较典型的表示过去正在进行的动作的表达方式如:
2.used to do
我们用used to do表示过去有过但现在已不存在的习惯,以便将过去与现在形成对照。它后面经常用由but now…,but
not…any more/any longer等构成的、用了一般现在时的句子以强调过去和现在的不同之处。
i used to smoke, but i dont any more/any longer.我过去常吸烟,但现在已不吸了。
he used to be a lazy boy, but now he is very hard working.他过去是个懒孩子,但现在他很勤奋。
used to仅用于一般过去时。它的疑问句和否定句形式可以不用助动词do而用used本身:
词汇学习 word study
1.experience
(1)n.经历(可数):
i had an amusing experience last year.去年我有过一次有趣的经历。
he told me about his experiences as a young man.他向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。
(2)n.经验,体验(不可数):
they want someone with a lot of experience for this job.他们想要一位有丰富经验的人来承担这项工作。
does she have any experience in teaching?她有教学经验吗?
(3)vt.经验,体验:
have you ever experienced anything like this?你经历过像这样的事情吗?
the village has experienced great changes since 1980.自1980年以来这个村子经历了极大的变化。
experience的过去分词常作形容词用,表示"有经验的"、"经验丰富的":
john is an experienced driver.约翰是个经验丰富的司机。
2.save vt.,vi.
(1)救助,搭救,拯救:
the doctor saved the childs life.那位医生救了这孩子一命。
they saved the child from the fire.他们从大火中救出了这孩子。
(2)储蓄,积攒:
he saved money for years to buy a car.为了买一辆车,他积攒了多年。
he used to save letters.他过去常积攒信件。
3.work与job
作为名词,这两个单词都可以翻译为"工作",但它们在用法上并不一样。job为可数名词,一般与"职业"、"职位"有关,或表示某人的"份内事";work作"工作"讲时是不可数名词,常指具体的"劳动"、"作业"或"(待做的)工作或事务"等,也可能表示"上班:
it was his job to repair bicycles.他的工作是修理自行车。
john is looking for a new job.约翰正在找一份新工作。
im looking for work as a driver.我在找一份开车的活。
ive a lot of work to do on sunday.星期天我有许多事要做。
练习答案 key to written exercises
1.关键句型练习答案
a what was happening: was telling 1.1;was still smiling 1.10
what happened: retired1.2;saved1.5;bought1.6;had1.7;employed1.9;smiled when he remembered 1.9;opened…came in…wanted11.10 11
what used to happen: used to work1.3;used to work11.4 5;used to make1.7
c …worked/was working…sat/was sitting…was looking…were passing…stopped…got…were/had been…used to come/came…used to go/went…were…quarrelled…had never seen/saw…got/was getting…called…hurried
2.难点练习答案
1 experienced 2jobs 3job 4save
3.多项选择题答案
1d 2b 3a 4c 5a 6a
7d 8a 9b 10c 11a 12c
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