搜故事 > 小故事 > 正文

英语中句子：定义结构类型和有用的例子

时间：2009-08-22

句子在写作中很重要，因为它们能帮助你表达想法，因此，写出完整且遵循语法规则的句子非常关键

提示：本文共有 3763 个字，阅读大概需要 8 分钟。

句子：定义，结构，类型和有用的例子

一个句子是指一个词，一个从句或这一组从句，表达一个完整的想法。句子在写作中很重要，因为它们能帮助你表达想法，因此，写出完整且遵循语法规则的句子非常关键。

完整的句子通常包含一个动词，可以单独使用仍然有意义，并且还清楚地表达了完整的思想。本文讨论了各种类型的句子结构和句子类型，它们可以帮助您编写完整且语法正确的句子，仔细看看。

Sentence 句子

什么是句子？

句子是指从句，单词，短语或一组短语，单词或从句中给出完整思想/思想的短语。句子可以陈述，提出问题，发出命令，表示感叹，表达愿望或主张，还可以显示动作表现。写作时，句子始终以大写字母开头，句号，感叹号或问号结尾。

句子的特征

首先，一个句子的开头必须有大写字母，结尾必须有句号，感叹号或问号。其次，句子应表达完整的思想或观念；否则，这不是一个句子。最后，它必须有一个动词和一个主语。

例如：

The happy father. (This is a phrase and isn’t a sentence since it doesn’t have a verb. It does not state anything about the happy father; hence the phrase does not give a complete thought. Remember, a phrase must give a complete thought or idea for it to be a sentence.)

句子举例

The girl is cooking some stew. (This sentence shows a statement.)Is it raining? (The sentence asks a question. It has a capital letter at the beginning but ends with a period (question mark.))What an incredible miracle! (The sentence ends with an exclamation mark as the period.)You must do it. (The sentence expresses a command.)

句子结构

有四种结构，分别是：复合复句，简单句，复杂句和复合句。

简单句子

这些句子只有一个子句（独立子句）这些子句通常只表达一种思想。此外，这些句子仅带有一个动词。

例子：

The maid is cooking.Sam is sleeping.Her mother is sweeping the house.

复合句子

复合句是指独立分句多于一个的句子，也就是说，它们的最小独立子句是两个，并且没有从属子句。这些独立的分句用连词或标点连接在一起，所使用的标点符号是分号，连词包括:and, but, yet, for, so, nor, and or。

Michael studied at the US and Elizabeth studies in China. (The independent clauses are “Michael studied at the US” and “Elizabeth studied in China” and are joined by the conjunction “and”) They are independent clauses since they express a complete idea.Mary is cooking, but Moses is washing the dishes. (The sentence has two verbs “cooking” and “washing,” hence two clauses. The clauses are joined together by the conjunction “but”)My vehicle broke down; I arrived late. (The semi-colon joins the clauses in this sentence)

复杂句子

这些句子有一个主句和一个从句(至少一个)。此外，复合句必须使用从属连词来表示从属从句，例如:because, after, as, although, how, before, since, if, once, then, where, until, whether, that, till, while。

I missed my exam because I was late. (The independent clause is “I missed my exam,” whereas the dependent clause is “because I was late” and the subordinating conjunction is “because”)I cooked hurriedly after his arrival. (“I cooked hurriedly” is the independent clause whereas the dependent clause is “after his arrival” and “after” is the subordinating conjunction)

复杂复合句

这些句子有多个子句，即最少两个独立/主从子句和最少一个从属子句。

Mary didn’t sit the exam because she came late, so the teacher was angry. (The independent clauses in this sentence are “Mary didn’t sit the exam” and “The teacher was angry.” On the other hand, the dependent clause is “because she came late” )The teacher, who is on duty, is incompetent, but the principal is competent. (The independent clauses are, “The teacher is incompetent” and “the principal is competent.” “Who is on duty” is the dependent clause.”) In addition to subordinate conjunctions, dependent clauses can also begin with relative pronouns like whose, whom, who, which, and that.

句子类型

句子有四种类型，即祈使句、陈述句、感叹句和疑问句。

陈述句

这些句子是最常见的。他们指的是陈述，描述事物/人以及表达感情/观点的句子。他们必须以句号结尾。

Examples:

Mary loves eating cookies. (Statement)I am excited because of the upcoming sports day. (Feeling)His wife is smartly dressed. (Describes a person)

疑问句

这些句子是用来帮助人们提问的。他们必须在结尾有一个问号。他们可以用do, why, what, how, when, did, where等词开头。

What is an interrogative sentence?Did you complete your assignment?Do you know the answers to the mathematics assignment?

祈使句

这些是表达命令，指令或请求的句子。他们的结尾处有一个句号，但在迫切要求的情况下也可能带有感叹号。

Please give me some tea. (a request)Stop it! (Command)Close the door immediately after cleaning the house. (instruction)